Important Rules and Issues of Qurbani (Udhiya) in Islam – A Complete Guide
Qurbani, also known as Udhiya, is one of the most important acts of worship performed by Muslims during the blessed days of Eid al-Adha. It is the practice of sacrificing an animal in the name of Allah Almighty as a symbol of obedience, devotion, and gratitude. The act of Qurbani is rooted in the great sacrifice of Prophet Ibrahim (AS), who showed complete submission to Allah’s command, and Allah replaced the sacrifice of his son with a ram from Paradise.
Although Qurbani is a well-known act of worship, many people are unaware of its detailed rulings (masail), conditions, and common mistakes. Understanding these rules is essential so that the sacrifice is accepted and performed correctly according to Shariah. This article explains the key masail of Qurbani in a simple and detailed manner.
Meaning and Importance of Qurbani
The word Qurbani comes from the Arabic word “Qurb,” which means nearness. In Islamic terminology, Qurbani means sacrificing a specific animal on specific days of Dhul Hijjah with the intention of seeking closeness to Allah.
Qurbani is not just a cultural tradition; it is an act of worship with deep spiritual meaning. It teaches Muslims:
- Obedience to Allah’s command
- Sacrifice of personal desires
- Sharing blessings with the poor
- Strengthening faith and taqwa
Allah says in the Qur’an that neither the blood nor the meat of the animal reaches Him, but it is the piety (taqwa) that reaches Him. This shows that the true purpose of Qurbani is sincerity and obedience.
Who is Required to Perform Qurbani?
One of the most important masail of Qurbani is knowing who it is wajib (obligatory) upon.
Qurbani is wajib on:
- Every Muslim who is adult (baligh)
- Mentally sound (aaqil)
- Resident (not a traveler)
- Possesses wealth equal to or more than the nisab (minimum zakat threshold)
- Has surplus wealth beyond basic needs
It is not necessary that the person has had the wealth for a full year. If a person has enough wealth during the days of Qurbani, then Qurbani becomes wajib upon him.
Days of Qurbani
Qurbani can only be performed on specific days:
- 10th Dhul Hijjah (after Eid prayer)
- 11th Dhul Hijjah
- 12th Dhul Hijjah
The most preferred day is the first day (10th Dhul Hijjah). After sunset of the 12th Dhul Hijjah, Qurbani time ends.
A very important masla is that Qurbani performed before Eid prayer is not valid. The animal must be sacrificed after the Eid Salah in your area.
Animals Eligible for Qurbani
Islam has specified certain animals for Qurbani:
- Goat (1 person)
- Sheep (1 person)
- Cow or buffalo (up to 7 people can share)
- Camel (up to 7 people can share)
Conditions for animals:
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Must be of the required age
- Goat/Sheep: at least 1 year (or mature sheep if 6 months but looks full grown according to some scholars)
- Cow/Buffalo: at least 2 years
- Camel: at least 5 years
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Must be healthy and free from defects
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Cannot be blind, lame, or seriously ill
-
Should not be extremely weak or damaged
Animals with minor imperfections are allowed, but major defects make the Qurbani invalid.
Intention (Niyyah)
Niyyah is a very important part of Qurbani. Without intention, the sacrifice is not accepted as an act of worship.
The intention does not need to be spoken loudly. It is sufficient that in the heart, the person is sacrificing the animal for the sake of Allah.
When slaughtering, one should say:
“Bismillahi Allahu Akbar”
Some people also recite:
“Inni wajjahtu wajhiya lilladhi fataras samawati wal ard…”
This is recommended but not compulsory.
Rules of Distribution of Meat
One of the most beautiful aspects of Qurbani is sharing the meat.
It is recommended to divide the meat into three parts:
- One part for the family
- One part for relatives and friends
- One part for the poor and needy
However, this division is not fixed. A person may distribute all the meat if he wishes, but giving to the poor is highly rewarded.
Selling Qurbani meat is not allowed. Also, the skin of the animal should be either given in charity or used for Islamic purposes.
Common Mistakes in Qurbani
Many people make mistakes due to lack of knowledge. Some common errors include:
- Performing Qurbani before Eid prayer
- Choosing unhealthy or very weak animals
- Not making proper intention
- Not distributing meat to the poor
- Paying the butcher from Qurbani meat (this is not allowed; they must be paid separately)
- Ignoring the days of Qurbani and delaying beyond 12th Dhul Hijjah
Avoiding these mistakes ensures that the Qurbani is valid and accepted.
Online or Proxy Qurbani
In modern times, many people send money for Qurbani to other countries or organizations. This is allowed if:
- The organization is trustworthy
- Proper slaughter is done in Qurbani days
- Meat is distributed correctly
However, it is always better to perform Qurbani yourself if possible, as it carries more reward and spiritual connection.
Spiritual Lessons from Qurbani
Qurbani is not just about slaughtering an animal. It carries deep lessons:
- Sacrifice for Allah strengthens faith
- Wealth is a trust from Allah
- Helping the poor brings blessings
- True obedience sometimes requires letting go of desires
The story of Prophet Ibrahim (AS) teaches us that submission to Allah must be complete, even when it is difficult.
Conclusion
Qurbani is a powerful act of worship that combines obedience, sacrifice, and compassion. Understanding its masail ensures that this important duty is performed correctly and accepted by Allah.
Every Muslim who is eligible should take care to follow the rules carefully, choose a good animal, perform the sacrifice on time, and distribute the meat properly. Above all, the intention should be sincere and purely for the sake of Allah.
May Allah accept the Qurbani of all Muslims and grant us the spirit of true sacrifice and obedience. Ameen.
Roman urdu translate
Title: Islam mein Qurbani (Udhiya) ke Ahm Masail – Mukammal Rehnuma
Qurbani, jise Udhiya bhi kaha jata hai, Islam ke sab se aham ibadat ke amal mein se ek hai jo har saal Eid al-Adha ke mubarak dinon mein ki jati hai. Yeh Allah Ta’ala ke naam par janwar ki qurbani dene ka amal hai jo ita’at, farmabardari aur shukr ka izhar hai. Qurbani ka asal talluq Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) ki azeem qurbani se hai jinhon ne Allah ke hukm par apne pyare bete ko qurban karne ka azm kiya, aur Allah ne un ki jagah jannat se ek mendha (ram) bhej diya.
Aaj ke daur mein Qurbani ka amal to mashhoor hai lekin is ke masail (fiqhi ahkaam) se bohat se log poori tarah waqif nahi hote, jis ki wajah se ibadat mein kami ya ghaltiyan ho jati hain. Is liye zaroori hai ke hum Qurbani ke aham masail ko samajh kar is ibadat ko sahi tareeqe se ada karein.
Qurbani ka Maana aur Ahmiyat
Qurbani lafz “Qurb” se bana hai jiska matlab “qurbat” yani Allah ke qareeb hona hai. Islami istilah mein Qurbani ka matlab hai Dhul Hijjah ke khaas dinon mein Allah ki raza ke liye khaas janwar ko zabah karna.
Qurbani sirf ek riwayat nahi balkeh ek ibadat hai jo insan ke andar taqwa, ita’at aur sacrifice ka jazba paida karti hai. Is se musalman seekhta hai ke:
- Allah ke hukm ki pairwi karni chahiye
- Apni khwahishon ko Allah ke liye qurban karna chahiye
- Ghareebon aur zaruratmandon ka khayal rakhna chahiye
- Taqwa aur iman ko mazboot banana chahiye
Allah Ta’ala Qur’an mein farmata hai ke Allah ko na to gosht pohanchta hai aur na khoon, balkeh us tak sirf tumhara taqwa pohanchta hai. Is se wazeh hota hai ke asal cheez niyat aur ikhlas hai.
Qurbani kis par Wajib hai?
Qurbani un logon par wajib hoti hai jo:
- Musalman hon
- Baligh (adult) hon
- Aqalmand hon
- Muqeem hon (musafir na hon)
- Nisab ke barabar ya us se zyada maal rakhte hon
Nisab se murad itna maal hota hai jo zakat ke minimum level ke barabar ho. Agar kisi ke paas basic zarooriyat se zyada maal maujood ho to us par Qurbani wajib ho jati hai.
Yeh zaroori nahi ke maal saal bhar tak ho, balki agar Eid ke dinon mein bhi nisab ke barabar maal ho jaye to Qurbani wajib ho jati hai.
Qurbani ke Din
Qurbani ke din sirf muqarrar shuda din hi hote hain:
- 10 Dhul Hijjah (Eid ki namaz ke baad)
- 11 Dhul Hijjah
- 12 Dhul Hijjah
Sab se behtareen din pehla din yani 10 Dhul Hijjah hota hai.
Aik bohat important masla yeh hai ke agar koi shakhs Eid ki namaz se pehle Qurbani kare to us ki Qurbani valid nahi hoti. Qurbani sirf Eid ki namaz ke baad hi shuru hoti hai.
Qurbani ke Janwar
Islam ne Qurbani ke liye kuch khaas janwar muqarrar kiye hain:
- Bakra / Bakri (1 shakhs ke liye)
- Dumba / Dumbi (1 shakhs ke liye)
- Gaaye / Bhains (7 afrad tak share kar sakte hain)
- Oont (7 afrad tak share kar sakte hain)
Janwar ki umar zaroori hai:
- Bakra/Bakri: kam az kam 1 saal
- Gaaye/Bhains: kam az kam 2 saal
- Oont: kam az kam 5 saal
Kuch ulema ke nazdeek agar 6 mah ka dumba itna healthy ho ke 1 saal jaisa lagta ho to bhi qurbani valid hoti hai.
Janwar sehatmand hona chahiye aur in aybon se paak hona chahiye:
- Andha ya bohat zyada kamzor na ho
- Langra na ho
- Bohat zyada beemar na ho
- Kaan ya dum zyada kata hua na ho
Niyat (Intention)
Qurbani mein niyat bohat ahm hai. Agar niyat Allah ki raza ke liye na ho to ibadat qubool nahi hoti.
Niyat zuban se kehna zaroori nahi, dil ka irada kaafi hota hai ke yeh janwar Allah ke liye qurban kiya ja raha hai.
Zabah ke waqt yeh alfaz kehna chahiye:
“Bismillahi Allahu Akbar”
Aur agar chahein to yeh dua bhi parh sakte hain:
“Inni wajjahtu wajhiya lilladhi fataras samawati wal ard…”
Gosht ki Taqseem
Qurbani ka gosht logon mein baantna bohat sawab ka kaam hai. Aksar ulema kehte hain ke is ko teen hisson mein taqseem karna behtar hai:
- Ek hissa apne ghar ke liye
- Ek hissa rishtedaron aur doston ke liye
- Ek hissa ghareebon aur zaruratmandon ke liye
Lekin agar koi poora gosht bhi rakh le ya poora de de to bhi Qurbani ho jati hai. Magar ghareebon ka hissa zaroor dena bohat fazilat rakhta hai.
Qurbani ka gosht bechna jaiz nahi hota. Isi tarah janwar ki khaal bhi ya to sadqa kar di jaye ya kisi Islami kaam ke liye di jaye.
Aam Ghaltiyan jo log karte hain
Bohat se log Qurbani mein ghaltiyan kar dete hain:
- Eid ki namaz se pehle qurbani kar dena
- Kamzor ya beemar janwar lena
- Niyat ka dhyan na rakhna
- Ghareebon ko hissa na dena
- Kasai (butcher) ki ujrat gosht se dena (yeh jaiz nahi)
- Qurbani ke dinon ke baad zabah karna
In ghaltiyon se Qurbani ka sawab kam ho sakta hai ya kabhi kabhi Qurbani valid bhi nahi hoti.
Online Qurbani
Aaj kal bohat se log online ya organizations ke zariye Qurbani karwate hain. Yeh jaiz hai shart yeh hai ke:
- Organization reliable ho
- Qurbani ke dinon mein zabah ho
- Gosht sahi tareeqe se taqseem ho
Magar agar insaan khud Qurbani kare to us mein zyada sawab aur roohani lagao hota hai.
Qurbani ke Rohani Asraat
Qurbani sirf janwar zabah karna nahi, balkeh yeh dil ki qurbani hai.
Is se insaan seekhta hai:
- Allah ke liye har cheez qurban karna
- Maal ko Allah ki amanat samajhna
- Ghareebon ka khayal rakhna
- Apni ana aur khwahish ko control karna
Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) ki kahani hume yeh sabak deti hai ke Allah ke hukm ke samne poori farmabardari zaroori hai.
Natija
Qurbani Islam ki ek azeem ibadat hai jo iman, ita’at aur sacrifice ka paigham deti hai. Agar is ke masail ko sahi tareeqe se samjha jaye to yeh ibadat aur bhi behtareen ho jati hai.
Har musalman ko chahiye ke woh Qurbani ke tamam ahkaam ka khayal rakhe, acha janwar select kare, waqt ka khayal rakhe aur gosht ko sahi tareeqe se taqseem kare.
Allah hum sab ki Qurbani qubool farmaye aur humein sachay iman aur ita’at ki taufeeq de. Ameen.
