The Designer Niqab and the Purpose of Hijab

Islamic Teachings on Wudu, Ghusl and Tayammum

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “No prayer is accepted without purification, and no charity is accepted from wealth that has been stolen from war booty.”

In this Hadith, two important points are mentioned. First, no prayer is accepted without purification. Second, charity from unlawful wealth is not accepted.

For the validity of prayer, it is necessary that the body, clothes, and place of prayer are pure, and wudu is performed. If ghusl becomes obligatory, then prayer is not valid until ghusl is performed. Even if a person performs wudu while ghusl is obligatory, purification is not complete until ghusl is done.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “We have been given superiority over other nations in three things: our prayer rows are made like the rows of angels, the entire earth has been made a place of worship for us, and its soil has been made a means of purification for us when we cannot find water.”

This means that if water is not available, tayammum should be performed instead of wudu and ghusl. The Qur’an states that if a person is ill, on journey, or has come from relieving himself, or has had contact with his spouse, and water is not available, then he should use clean earth and wipe his face and hands.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) also said that pure earth is a means of purification for a Muslim even if water is not available for ten years. When water becomes available, it should be used.

If a person needs wudu or ghusl but cannot find water, or fears harm from using it, or is unable to extract water, or is traveling and water is far away, then tayammum is allowed instead of wudu and ghusl.

Regarding ghusl becoming obligatory, Aisha (RA) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) was asked about a man who wakes up and finds moisture but does not remember a wet dream. He said that ghusl is required. If a person sees a wet dream but finds no moisture, then ghusl is not required. Umm Salama (RA) asked the same regarding women, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) said that ghusl is also required for women in the same situation.

Ghusl becomes obligatory when sexual discharge occurs, or when a person wakes up and finds evidence of it.

Aisha (RA) also narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said that when the private parts of a man and woman meet, ghusl becomes obligatory, even if no discharge occurs.

Ghusl becomes obligatory for a woman in four situations: after menstruation ends, after postnatal bleeding ends, after sexual discharge during sleep, and after marital relations.

It is also mentioned that such relations are strictly forbidden when done in an unnatural way, and it is a major sin.

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Ritual Purity: Wudu, Ghusl and Tayammum

From Hazrat Ibn Umar (RA), the Prophet ﷺ said:

“No prayer is accepted without purification, and no charity is accepted from wealth that has been stolen from war booty.”

This hadith explains two important principles: prayer is not valid without purification, and charity from unlawful wealth is not accepted.

For prayer to be valid, the body, clothes, and place of prayer must be clean, and wudu must be performed. If ghusl is obligatory, prayer is not valid until ghusl is performed. In such a case, wudu alone is not sufficient.

Tayammum instead of Wudu and Ghusl

Hudhaifah (RA) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

“We have been given three things in which we have been given superiority over other nations. Our rows in prayer have been made like the rows of angels. The entire earth has been made a place of worship for us. Its soil has been made a means of purification for us when we cannot find water.”

This means that if water is not available, tayammum can be performed instead of wudu or ghusl.

The Qur’an also explains that if a person is ill, traveling, has relieved himself, or has had marital relations and cannot find water, then he should use clean earth by striking it and wiping his face and hands.

The Prophet ﷺ also said:

“Clean earth is a means of purification for a Muslim even if he does not find water for ten years. But when he finds water, he should use it.”

Scholars explain that tayammum is allowed when water is unavailable or harmful to use due to illness, fear, lack of access, or distance.

When Ghusl becomes obligatory

Hazrat Ayesha (RA) narrated that the Prophet ﷺ was asked:

“If a person wakes up and finds wetness but does not remember a wet dream, does ghusl become necessary?”

He replied: “Yes, he should perform ghusl.”

Then it was asked: “If someone has a wet dream but finds no wetness, is ghusl necessary?”

He replied: “No ghusl is required.”

Umme Salma (RA) also asked about women, and the Prophet ﷺ said that if a woman sees wetness, ghusl becomes obligatory for her as well.

Ghusl becomes obligatory in four cases for women. After menstruation ends, after postnatal bleeding ends, after ejaculation in sleep, and after marital relations whether ejaculation occurs or not.

If penetration occurs during intimacy even without ejaculation, ghusl becomes obligatory for both husband and wife.

A person in janabah and ritual impurity

Hazrat Ayesha (RA) narrated that sometimes the Prophet ﷺ and she would be in a state requiring ghusl, and the Prophet ﷺ would perform ghusl first and then come close to her.

This shows that a person in a state of major ritual impurity is not physically impure in a way that prevents social interaction. The impurity is legal and not physical.

However, it is recommended to perform wudu before eating, drinking, or sleeping in this state.

Angels and a state of janabah

Hazrat Ali (RA) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

“Angels do not enter a house in which there is an image, a dog, or a person in a state of janabah.”

If ghusl is delayed, it is better to perform wudu, especially before sleeping.

Ghusl and women’s hair

Umme Salma (RA) asked the Prophet ﷺ:

“I am a woman who tightly braids her hair. Should I undo my braids when performing ghusl after marital relations?”

The Prophet ﷺ replied:

“No. It is sufficient to pour three handfuls of water over the head, then pour water over the entire body. That will make you pure.”

This shows ease in Islamic law. The obligation is that water must reach the roots of the hair. If braids prevent water from reaching the roots, they must be undone; otherwise it is not necessary.

A person who does not properly wash the body or hair and only pours water superficially remains in a state of impurity and their prayer is not valid.